Project Concept and Approaches

Proposed Theory of Change

Indonesia’s most vulnerable population, particularly women, youth, refugees, migrant workers, people living with HIV, key populations most vulnerable to HIV and people living in disadvantaged regions, are empowered and have recovered from the adverse socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 crisis and benefited from an inclusive labour market.

This will have been achieved on account of the Theory of Change:

If,

  1. Women and vulnerable groups have their employability and entrepreneurship skills enhanced and their essential business development support increased;
  2. People living in disadvantaged regions (rural areas) have their economic potential improved or recovered;
  3. Government, the private sector and employers have their perception and attitude geared towards gender equality and inclusivity at the workplace, as well as work opportunities.

Then, the empowerment and recovery capacity of women and vulnerable groups with respect to their economic activities and potential, and the gradual change towards gender equality and inclusivity at the workplace and work opportunities, will occur because the necessary capacities and conditions for the building of an inclusive labour market post COVID-19 pandemic are in place.

Gender equality/women’s empowerment is the principal objective of this project as presented in the Theory of Change. SDG 5 is a main goal of the project. The proposed interventions are backed by gender analyses. Over 80% of the project beneficiaries are women. Partner institutions specialize in GEEW/G. If the proposal were selected, the agency group would develop a result framework featuring gender indicators.

Hence, the project merits the gender equality marker code 3.

Outputs and delivery methods

The project will generate outputs and outcomes in three broad categories: (a) entrepreneurship and business development support; (b) training for jobs; and (c) gender equality and an inclusive labour market. The intended results of the project initiatives, programming approaches and methods of generating intended results are explained below.

  1. Entrepreneurship training and business development support
    Result:
    Employability skills and entrepreneurship training are dispensed to 2.000 target beneficiaries, of which around 100 receive intensive business development support and start/grow businesses as a result. Of the beneficiaries, 60 per cent are cis- and transgender women and 30 per cent youth; the group also includes 100 women refugees, 100 people living with HIV, and 100 participants from key populations that are most vulnerable to HIV[1].

    Methods:
    The project sets out to build the entrepreneurship skills of the targeted 2.000 beneficiaries, using existing training packages and tools for entrepreneurship and business coaching, based on successful past intervention models. The project further provides intensive business development or expansion support to around 100 selected viable business ideas, including through an Impact Accelerator programme to boost the development of social entrepreneurship and start-ups.

    UNDP improves the access of selected trainees to finance by facilitating matching the entrepreneurs with potential investors and financial institutions, as well as leveraging innovative finance to scale up the project.  UNAIDS and UNDP contribute to the sensitization of trainers and the development of training materials that include gender/SOGI (sexual orientation and gender identity) awareness materials (including gender-based violence - GBV), and life skills training materials on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), HIV, TB and COVID-19.

    The project will support innovative ways to maximize and build on the refugees’ existing potential, and provide self-reliance opportunities that will benefit them and their host communities, while respecting the legal requirements in Indonesia and attempting to  progress towards the full inclusion of refugees in Indonesian economy and society. The proposed intervention will build upon the success of a recent pilot project, the joint ILO-UNHCR Ready for Business Training Programme.

  2. Training for jobs: online training hubs and practical training in rural areas
    Result:
    Two thousand people (of which at least 50 per cent are rural residents, 60 per cent are cis- and transgender women, 30 per cent are youth, including 100 women refugees, 100 people living with HIV and 100 participants from key populations that are most vulnerable to HIV) have their economic potential improved or recovered through community-level training, which combines online theoretical learning and practical training.

    Methods:
    The unemployed and those who have given up on their job search may return to their homes in rural areas. This was a typical behavioural pattern observed during the past economic crises. The project provides skills training in rural areas - and areas where the target population is concentrated - in order to prepare the target beneficiaries for the eventual economic recovery, while addressing the existing urban-rural education/training divide. It will pilot online learning centres where people, particularly excluded vulnerable groups, can access a wealth of online learning material free of charge. Four community-level training centres (Balai Latihan Kerja komunitas) in rural areas, and one vocational training centre (BLK), establish community online learning hubs. The project arranges practical training, which complements online theoretical learning programmes to enhance the trainees’ employability. This model is expected to be rolled out by the government after a successful demonstration.

    The inclusion of refugees in skills training and preparatory programming will ensure that they are able to take part in and contribute to the socio-economic recovery of Indonesia post COVID-19.  The proposed intervention will assist refugees, and in particular refugee women, by helping them develop the means to improve the quality of their life and work towards self-reliance. The inclusion of vulnerable groups such as the PLHIV and key populations in the skills training programme will increase equal opportunities with respect to jobs access, and reduce the stigma and discrimination attached to HIV status or diverse gender identities.The inclusion of refugees in skills training and preparatory programming will ensure that they are able to take part in and contribute to the socio-economic recovery of Indonesia post COVID-19.  The proposed intervention will assist refugees, and in particular refugee women, by helping them develop the means to improve the quality of their life and work towards self-reliance. The inclusion of vulnerable groups such as the PLHIV and key populations in the skills training programme will increase equal opportunities with respect to jobs access, and reduce the stigma and discrimination attached to HIV status or diverse gender identities.

  3. Gender equality and an inclusive labour market
    Result:
    The attitude of the government, private sector and employers is geared towards gender equality and inclusivity at the workplace, as well as equal work opportunities. At least 5,000 human resources managers, government officials and social partners (of which at least 60 per cent are men) benefit from training provided by the project and become more aware of gender bias practices and other forms of discrimination. Policy-makers will become more aware of the needs of marginalized groups and recognize the benefits of including both them and vulnerable populations in the labour market.

    Methods:
    The project cooperates with the Ministry of Manpower (MoM) and updates regulations relating to gender equality, discrimination and harassment at work. It promotes relevant international labour standards to the MoM and the social partners. Updating regulations on harassment and anti-discrimination at work helps assure equal opportunities for women and men. The project, in partnership with the Association of Indonesian Employers (APINDO), the Indonesia Business Coalition for Women Empowerment (IBCWE) and other likeminded organization, offer online training programmes. Training topics include:
    • Gender biases in human resources management
    • Family friendly policies
    • Diversity at work
    • The ending of harassment at work
    • Promotion of HIV testing and the addressing of discrimination against PLHIV
    • Benefits of inclusion of refugees in the labour market

The project will also promote good practices in the recruitment, training, retention and promotion of women among companies. It will apply a strong gender lens to amplify the principal objective of women’s empowerment, paying special attention to the intersectional vulnerabilities of marginalized groups, including refugee and host community women, sexually and gender diverse people, and people living with HIV, as well as other key populations vulnerable to HIV; it will support their equal participation in the labour market in Indonesia.

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